| Vascular Type: Manifestations |
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The skin is usually thin and traslucent with veins being seen through the skin. This is most apparent over the chest and abdomen. There are certain facial characteristics present in some affected individuals. Also evident is a decrease in subcutaneous tissue, particularly in the face and extremities. Minor trauma can lead to extensive bruising. Arterial/intestinal/uterine fragility or rupture commonly arises in this type of EDS. Spontaneous arterial rupture has a peak incidence in the third or fourth decade of life, but may occur earlier. Midsize arteries are commonly involved. Arterial rupture is the most common cause of sudden death. Acute diffuse or localized abdominal or flank pain is a common presentation of arterial or intestinal rupture. Life expectancy is shortened with a majority of individuals living only into their forties. Pregnancies may be complicated by intra-partum uterine rupture and pre- and postpartum arterial bleeding. Joint hypermobility is usually limited to the digits.
Tendon and muscle rupture can occur. Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is
frequently seen at birth. Other manifestations that may be found in the
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